Afifi, T. O., Enns, M. W., Cox, B. J., Asmundson, G. J., Stein, M. B., & Sareen, J. (2008). Population attributable fractions of psychiatric disorders and suicide ideation and attempts associated with adverse childhood experiences.
American journal of public health, 98(5), 946-952 doi:10.2105/ajph.2007.120253.
Almond, D., & Currie, J. (2011). Killing me softly: The fetal origins hypothesis.
Journal of Economic Perspectives, 25(3), 153-172.
Becker-Blease, K. A., & Freyd, J. J. (2006). Research participants telling the truth about their lives: The ethics of asking and not asking about abuse.
American Psychologist, 61(3), 218-226 doi:10.1037/0003-066X.61.3.218.
Boardman, J. (2011). Social exclusion and mental health–how people with mental health problems are disadvantaged: An overview.
Mental Health and Social Inclusion, 15(3), 112-121 doi:10.1108/20428301111165690.
Bremner, J. D., Vermetten, E., & Mazure, C. M. (2000). Development and preliminary psychometric properties of an instrument for the measurement of childhood trauma: The early trauma inventory.
Depression and Anxiety, 12(1), 1-12 doi:10.1002/1520-6394(2000)12:1<1::AID-DA1>3.0.CO;2-W.
Brodsky, B. S., & Biggs, E. (2012). Adverse Childhood Experiences and Suicidal Behavior.
Suicidologi, 17(3), 16-21.
Bryan, R. H. (2019). Getting to why: Adverse childhood experiences’ impact on adult health.
The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 15(2), 153-157 doi:10.1016/j.nurpra.2018.09.012.
Clements-Nolle, K., Lensch, T., Baxa, A., Gay, C., Larson, S., & Yang, W. (2018). Sexual identity, adverse childhood experiences, and suicidal behaviors.
Journal of Adolescent Health, 62(2), 198-204 doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.09.022.
Doi, S., & Fujiwara, T. (2019). Combined effect of adverse childhood experiences and young age on self-harm ideation among postpartum women in Japan.
Journal of Affective Disorders, 253:410-418 doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.079.
Dube, S. R., Anda, R. F., Felitti, V. J., Chapman, D. P., Williamson, D. F., & Giles, W. H. (2001). Childhood abuse, household dysfunction, and the risk of attempted suicide throughout the life span: Findings from the adverse childhood experiences study.
JAMA, 286(24), 3089-3096 doi:10.1001/jama.286.24.3089.
Dudeck, M., Sosic-Vasic, Z., Otte, S., Rasche, K., Leichauer, K., Tippelt, S., ..., & Streb, J. (2016). The association of adverse childhood experiences and appetitive aggression with suicide attempts and violent crimes in male forensic psychiatry inpatients.
Psychiatry Research, 240:352-357 doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.04.073.
Felitti, V. J. (2002). The relation between adverse childhood experiences and adult health: Turning gold into lead. The Permanente Journal, 6(1), 44-47.
Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., Nordenberg, D., Williamson, D. F., Spitz, A. M., Edwards, V., & Marks, J. S. (1998). Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: The adverse childhood experiences (ACE) study.
American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 14(4), 245-258 doi:10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00017-8.
Finkelhor, D. (2018). Screening for adverse childhood experiences (ACEs): Cautions and suggestions.
Child Abuse & Neglect, 85:174-179 doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.07.016.
Frampton, N. M., Poole, J. C., Dobson, K. S., & Pusch, D. (2018). The effects of adult depression on the recollection of adverse childhood experiences.
Child Abuse & Neglect, 86:45-54 doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.09.006.
Fuller-Thomson, E., Baird, S. L., Dhrodia, R., & Brennenstuhl, S. (2016). The association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and suicide attempts in a populationbased study.
Child: Care, Health and Development, 42(5), 725-734 doi:10.1111/cch.12351.
Hughes, K., Bellis, M. A., Hardcastle, K. A., Sethi, D., Butchart, A., Mikton, C., ..., & Dunne, M. P. (2017). The effect of multiple adverse childhood experiences on health: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
The Lancet Public Health, 2(8), e356-e366 doi:10.1016/S2468-2667(17)30118-4.
Janiri, D., De Rossi, P., Kotzalidis, G. D., Girardi, P., Koukopoulos, A. E., Reginaldi, D., ..., & Sani, G. (2018). Psychopathological characteristics and adverse childhood events are differentially associated with suicidal ideation and suicidal acts in mood disorders.
European Psychiatry, 53:31-36 doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.05.009.
Josefsson, K., Jokela, M., Cloninger, C. R., Hintsanen, M., Salo, J., Hintsa, T., ..., & Keltikangas-Järvinen, L. (2013). Maturity and change in personality: developmental trends of temperament and character in adulthood.
Development and psychopathology, 25(3), 713-727 doi: 10.1017/S0954579413000126.
Kalmakis, K. A., & Chandler, G. E. (2014). Adverse childhood experiences: Towards a clear conceptual meaning.
Journal of Advanced Nursing, 70(7), 1489-1501 doi:10.1111/jan.12329.
Larkin, H., Felitti, V. J., & Anda, R. F. (2014). Social work and adverse childhood experiences research: Implications for practice and health policy.
Social Work in Public Health, 29(1), 1-16 doi:10.1080/19371918.2011.619433.
Leitch, L. (2017). Action steps using ACEs and trauma-informed care: A resilience model.
Health & Justice, 5(5), 1-10 doi:10.1186/s40352-017-0050-5.
Levenson, J. (2017). Trauma-informed social work practice.
Social Work, 62(2), 105-113 doi:10.1093/sw/swx001.
Merrick, M. T., Ports, K. A., Ford, D. C., Afifi, T. O., Gershoff, E. T., & Grogan-Kaylor, A. (2017). Unpacking the impact of adverse childhood experiences on adult mental health.
Child Abuse & Neglect, 69:10-19 doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.03.016.
Perez, N. M., Jennings, W. G., Piquero, A. R., & Baglivio, M. T. (2016). Adverse childhood experiences and suicide attempts: The mediating influence of personality development and problem behaviors.
Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 45:1527-1545 doi:10.1007/s10964-016-0519-x.
Ports, K. A., Ford, D. C., & Merrick, M. T. (2016). Adverse childhood experiences and sexual victimization in adulthood.
Child Abuse & Neglect, 51:313-322 doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.08.017.
Rutter, M. (1979). Protective factors in children’s responses to stress and disadvantage. In M. W. Kent, & J. E. Rolf (Eds.), Primary prevention in psychopathology. Vol. 3: Social competence in children. (pp. 49-74). Hanover, NH: University Press of New England.
Sacks, V., & Murphey, D. (2018). The prevalence of adverse childhood experiences, nationally, by state, and by race/ethnicity. Child Trends, 1-20.
Spinelli, S., Schwandt, M. L., Lindell, S. G., Newman, T. K., Heilig, M., Suomi, S. J., & Barr, C. S. (2007). Association between the recombinant human serotonin transporter linked promoter region polymorphism and behavior in rhesus macaques during a separation paradigm.
Development and Psychopathology, 19(4), 977-987 doi:10.1017/S095457940700048X.
Stata Contnen Analysis Software (Version 16) [Computer software]. College City, WI: ContentSta LP.
The National Advisory Mental Health Council (2010). From discover to cure: Accelerating the development of new and personalized interventions for mental illnesses. Retrieved from NAMHC website:
https://www.nimh.nih.gov.
Thompson, M. P., Kingree, J. B., & Lamis, D. (2019). Associations of adverse childhood experiences and suicidal behaviors in adulthood in a US nationally representative sample.
Child: Care, Health and Development, 45(1), 121-128 doi:10.1111/cch.12617.
Trentacosta, C. J., Hyde, L. W., Shaw, D. S., Dishion, T. J., Gardner, F., & Wilson, M. (2008). The relations among cumulative risk, parenting, and behavior problems during early childhood.
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49(11), 1211-1219 doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01941.x.
Willson, A. E., Shuey, K. M., & Elder, G. H. Jr (2007). Cumulative advantage processes as mechanisms of inequality in life course health.
American Journal of Sociology, 112(6), 1886-1924 doi:10.1086/512712.
Zarse, E. M., Neff, M. R., Yoder, R., Hulvershorn, L., Chambers, J. E., & Chambers, R. A. (2019). The adverse childhood experiences questionnaire: Two decades of research on childhood trauma as a primary cause of adult mental illness, addiction, and medical diseases.
Cogent Medicine, 6(1), 1-24 doi:10.1080/2331205X.2019.1581447.
Hong, S.-Y., & Lee, S.-Y. (2013). The relationship between emotional abuse and borderline personality disorder traits: Mediating effects of emotional clarity and experiential avoidance.
Korean Journal of Counseling, 14(5), 3003-3021 doi:10.15703/kjc.14.5.201310.3003.
Jang, Y.-H., & Song, J.-H. (2011). Influence of the experience of the childhood abuse on the self-esteem and suicidal thought in the adolescence period. Journal of Policy Sciences, 20(2), 80-104.
Kim, E., & Lee, J. (2018). Childhood emotional trauma influence on relationship problem of emerging adulthood - Focusing on mediating effects of negative social self-concept.
Institute for Humanities and Social Sciences, 19(3), 403-429 doi:10.15818/ihss.2018.19.3.403.
Kim, H., Choi, H., & Han, S.-M. (2018). The influence of childhood abuse experience on adulthood depression and aggression: Mediating role of self-criticism.
Journal of Human Understanding and Counseling, 39(1), 1-21 doi:10.30593/JHUC.39.1.1.
Kim, J.-Y., & Kim, S.-H. (2013). The effect of neglect in childhood on depression and interpersonal relationship: Focusing on the tourism related department’s students. Tourism Research, 38(4), 383-403.
Kim, S. (2014). The moderating effect of parent attachment on the relation between resilience and mental health among university students with childhood experiences of sexual violence. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 21(9), 27-50.
Kim, S. (2018). The long-term effects of being bullied or a bully in adolescence on development outcomes in early adulthood.
Forum for Youth Culture, 54:39-66 doi:10.17854/ffyc.2018.04.54.39.
Lee, K.-B., Ju, H. W., & Hyun, M.-H. (2015). The moderating effects of forgiveness on the relationship between childhood abuse and suicidal ideation.
The Korea Journal of Youth Counseling, 23(2), 21-36 doi:10.35151/kyci.2015.23.2.002.
Lee, S. H., Kim, K. H., Kim, J. S., & Kim, K. S. (2012). Influence of personal characteristics, childhood abuse and stressful experience on suicidal ideation in middle school students.
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing, 23(4), 386-394.
Lee, S., & Park, J.-R. (2017). The effects of the victimization of physical and psychological violence by peers in childhood on depression and suicidal ideation in adulthood.
The Korean Association For Survey Research, 18(4), 61-86 doi:10.20997/SR.18.4.3.
Lee, T.-Y., & Sim, H.-S. (2011). The mediating effect of internalized shame in the relationship between childhood trauma and early adulthood interpersonal problem.
Korean Journal of Counseling, 12(6), 2273-2291 doi:10.15703/kjc.12.6.201112.2273.
Ministry of Health and Welfare (2011). 2012nyeon choejeosaenggyebi 4ingijun 1,495,550won, 3.9% insang [2012년 최저생계비 4인기준 1,495,550원, 3.9% 인상]. Ministry of Health and Welfare. Retrieved August 19, 2011, from
https://www.mohw.go.kr.
Ministry of Health and Welfare (2018). Gwangyebucheo Hap-dong “Jasaryebang gukga haengdonggyehoek” surip [관계부처 합동 “자살예방 국가 행동계획” 수립]. Retrieved January 23, 2018, from
http://www.mohw.go.kr.
National Center for Mental Health (2016). Gwangyebucheo Hapdong “Haengbokan sam, geonganghan sahoereul wihan jeongsingeongang jonghapdaechaek”jaryo [관계부처 합동 “행복한 삶, 건강한 사회를 위한 정신건강 종합대책”자료]. Retrieved April 5, 2016, from
http://www.ncmh.go.kr.
Park, Aely., & Chung, I.-J. (2018). Patterns of adverse childhood experiences and their influences on depressive symptoms, difficulty in emotion regulation, and interpersonal maladjustment.
Korean Journal of Child Studies, 39(6), 85-99 doi:10.5723/kjcs.2018.39.6.85.
Park, E. A., & Lee, J. K. (2016). The effects of childhood-adolescence trauma on the suicidal ideation in adults: Focusing on moderating effects of posttraumatic growth.
Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies, 47(3), 223-249 doi:10.16999/kasws.2016.47.3.223.
Seo, Y., & Kim, Y. (2019). The moderating effect of emotional support to adult’s disclosure of childhood sexual abuse experience on their mentalization.
The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 31(2), 429-453 doi:10.23844/kjcp.2019.05.31.2.429.
Sohn, Y.-J., Kim, K.-H., & Kim, J.-W. (2018). Effects of adverse childhood experience on posttraumatic stress disorder among adult victims of sexual assault.
Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare, 64:145-172 doi:10.24300/jkscw.2018.12.64.145.
Song, Y. (2019). The Effect of childhood emotional trauma on relationship addiction tendency: Mediating role of anxious attachment and internalized shame in adults.
The Journal of Learner-Centered Curriculum and Instruction, 19(9), 939-959 doi:10.22251/jlcci.2019.19.9.939.