Note. BD = Block Design; IN = Information; MR = Matrix Reasoning; BS = Bug Search; PM = Picture Memory; SI = Similarities; PC = Picture Concepts; CA = Cancellation; ZL = Zoo Locations; OA = Object Assembly; VC = Vocabulary; AC = Animal Coding; CO = Comprehension; RV = Receptive Vocabulary; PN = Picture Naming; VCI = Verbal Comprehension Index; VSI = Visual Spatial Index; FRI = Fluid Reasoning Index; WMI = Working Memory Index; PSI = Processing Speed Index; FSIQ = Full Scale IQ; VAI = Vocabulary Acquisition Index; NVI = Nonverbal Index; GAI = General Ability Index; CPI = Cognitive Proficiency Index
Subtest/Index |
Korean norm |
American norm |
Differences |
t | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
RV | 9.58 | 3.03 | 9.25 | 2.80 | 0.33 | 0.54 | 14.91*** |
IN | 10.43 | 2.94 | 10.03 | 2.54 | 0.40 | 1.20 | 8.11*** |
PN | 10.21 | 3.28 | 10.02 | 3.23 | 0.20 | 0.61 | 7.77*** |
BD | 10.45 | 2.95 | 11.37 | 3.02 | -0.92 | 0.65 | -34.75*** |
OA | 9.79 | 3.32 | 11.30 | 3.16 | -1.51 | 0.70 | -52.68*** |
PM | 10.04 | 3.66 | 10.24 | 3.23 | -0.20 | 0.71 | -6.95*** |
ZL | 10.56 | 2.93 | 11.24 | 2.98 | -0.68 | 0.75 | -22.09*** |
VCI | 101.85 | 14.63 | 98.48 | 11.92 | 3.37 | 4.42 | 18.66*** |
VSI | 99.90 | 14.67 | 108.05 | 14.31 | -8.15 | 2.58 | -77.39*** |
WMI | 102.81 | 16.74 | 104.64 | 15.20 | -3.63 | 1.83 | -12.36*** |
FSIQ | 101.37 | 15.19 | 88.76 | 10.25 | 12.61 | 6.57 | 47.01*** |
VAI | 100.24 | 15.54 | 97.79 | 13.78 | 2.45 | 2.90 | 20.67*** |
NVI | 101.87 | 15.04 | 108.20 | 14.70 | -6.32 | 2.88 | -53.78*** |
GAI | 101.09 | 14.77 | 103.96 | 13.16 | -2.87 | 3.52 | -19.96*** |
Subtest/Index |
Korean norm |
American norm |
Differences |
t | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
IN | 10.57 | 2.88 | 9.01 | 2.85 | 0.03 | 0.92 | 56.53*** |
SI | 10.06 | 2.89 | 9.29 | 2.29 | 0.77 | 0.85 | 29.93*** |
VC | 9.94 | 3.17 | 8.60 | 2.57 | 1.33 | 0.93 | 47.71*** |
CO | 10.11 | 2.90 | 9.92 | 2.53 | 0.18 | 0.78 | 7.73*** |
BD | 10.62 | 3.24 | 12.77 | 3.12 | -2.15 | 0.73 | -98.10*** |
OA | 10.69 | 2.81 | 11.65 | 2.42 | -0.96 | 0.80 | -39.74*** |
MR | 10.31 | 3.07 | 11.01 | 2.95 | -0.70 | 0.60 | -38.57*** |
PC | 10.06 | 3.33 | 9.75 | 3.16 | 0.31 | 0.62 | 16.60*** |
PM | 10.23 | 2.84 | 10.48 | 2.63 | -0.25 | 0.58 | -14.19*** |
ZL | 10.54 | 2.71 | 10.97 | 2.89 | -0.44 | 0.77 | -18.91*** |
BS | 10.42 | 3.11 | 12.91 | 3.19 | -2.50 | 0.64 | -129.54*** |
CA | 10.34 | 2.99 | 10.13 | 3.01 | 0.21 | 0.52 | 13.05*** |
AC | 10.14 | 3.19 | 11.78 | 3.21 | -1.64 | 0.64 | -85.929** |
RV | 10.78 | 2.81 | 10.49 | 2.85 | 0.29 | 0.67 | 14.47*** |
PN | 10.49 | 2.75 | 10.49 | 2.64 | 0.00 | 0.54 | -0.06 |
VCI | 102.41 | 14.57 | 101.43 | 13.86 | 0.98 | 1.41 | 23.01*** |
VSI | 103.08 | 14.76 | 104.10 | 14.52 | -1.03 | 0.41 | -83.45*** |
WMI | 103.25 | 13.39 | 102.45 | 13.13 | 0.80 | 1.05 | 25.27*** |
PSI | 102.62 | 14.51 | 102.48 | 14.97 | 0.14 | 0.78 | 6.10*** |
FRI | 102.38 | 15.29 | 102.57 | 13.15 | -0.19 | 12.20 | -0.52 |
FSIQ | 101.63 | 14.38 | 97.69 | 13.88 | 3.93 | 7.56 | 21.45*** |
VAI | 104.63 | 13.94 | 103.44 | 12.87 | 1.19 | 1.28 | 30.67*** |
NVI | 101.23 | 14.56 | 102.38 | 14.02 | -1.15 | 0.95 | -40.01*** |
GAI | 102.02 | 14.53 | 102.33 | 13.50 | -0.31 | 1.22 | -8.40*** |
CPI | 101.54 | 14.61 | 102.77 | 13.63 | -1.23 | 1.35 | -30.13*** |
Subtest/Index |
Seoula (n = 94) |
Gyeonggib (n = 199) |
Gyeongsangc (n = 158) |
Honamd (n = 70) |
Gangwon & Chungcheonge (n = 79) |
F | Scheffé | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |||
RV | 10.39 | 2.90 | 9.52 | 2.92 | 9.26 | 2.98 | 8.59 | 3.06 | 10.28 | 3.17 | 4.69** | a, e > d |
IN | 10.73 | 2.50 | 10.46 | 2.72 | 10.27 | 3.41 | 10.26 | 3.10 | 10.43 | 2.88 | .42 | |
PN | 10.91 | 2.73 | 10.48 | 3.10 | 9.56 | 3.71 | 9.90 | 3.29 | 10.27 | 3.20 | 2.71* | a > c |
BD | 10.96 | 2.86 | 10.75 | 2.79 | 10.15 | 3.12 | 10.39 | 3.18 | 9.78 | 2.74 | 2.74* | |
OA | 10.64 | 2.99 | 10.21 | 3.18 | 9.40 | 3.61 | 8.73 | 3.38 | 9.44 | 3.01 | 4.66** | a, b > d |
PM | 10.83 | 3.22 | 10.16 | 3.66 | 9.89 | 3.49 | 10.13 | 3.79 | 9.06 | 4.20 | 2.69* | e < a |
ZL | 10.61 | 3.37 | 10.37 | 2.92 | 10.49 | 2.86 | 11.33 | 2.58 | 10.42 | 2.77 | 1.49 | |
VCI | 105.20 | 13.73 | 101.75 | 14.20 | 100.46 | 13.68 | 98.37 | 16.20 | 103.99 | 16.25 | 2.86* | d < a |
VSI | 103.94 | 13.58 | 102.01 | 14.66 | 97.82 | 14.07 | 96.57 | 17.23 | 96.89 | 12.97 | 5.18*** | d. e < a |
WMI | 105.40 | 16.28 | 102.60 | 16.64 | 102.08 | 16.30 | 105.50 | 17.03 | 99.34 | 17.74 | 1.26 | |
FSIQ | 106.01 | 13.03 | 102.50 | 14.99 | 99.51 | 14.17 | 98.24 | 18.35 | 99.51 | 15.74 | 3.98** | c, d, e < a |
VAI | 104.79 | 14.48 | 100.85 | 15.14 | 97.33 | 14.89 | 96.39 | 16.24 | 102.52 | 16.77 | 4.46** | c, d < a |
NVI | 105.63 | 13.71 | 102.95 | 15.09 | 100.31 | 14.33 | 101.41 | 17.52 | 98.23 | 14.58 | 2.56* | c, d < a |
GAI | 105.46 | 13.55 | 102.30 | 14.61 | 99.01 | 13.43 | 97.13 | 17.61 | 100.49 | 15.06 | 4.37** | c, d < a |
Subtest/Index |
Seoula (n = 168) |
Gyeonggib (n = 388) |
Gyeongsangc (n = 287) |
Honamd (n = 127) |
Gangwon & Chungcheonge (n = 130) |
F | Scheffé | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |||
IN | 11.29 | 2.86 | 10.55 | 2.63 | 9.96 | 2.96 | 11.01 | 2.96 | 10.65 | 3.09 | 4.97** | c < d, a |
SI | 10.51 | 2.90 | 9.96 | 2.78 | 10.09 | 2.89 | 10.15 | 2.90 | 9.62 | 3.18 | 1.19 | |
VC | 10.47 | 3.36 | 10.01 | 3.06 | 9.41 | 3.03 | 9.85 | 3.28 | 10.27 | 3.29 | 2.58* | c < a |
CO | 10.67 | 2.77 | 10.32 | 2.86 | 9.46 | 2.99 | 9.86 | 2.82 | 10.41 | 2.78 | 5.99*** | c < e, a |
BD | 11.16 | 3.34 | 10.43 | 3.22 | 10.50 | 3.16 | 11.20 | 3.33 | 10.21 | 3.16 | 2.51* | |
OA | 10.83 | 3.20 | 10.81 | 2.66 | 10.45 | 2.91 | 10.87 | 2.67 | 10.52 | 2.63 | .97 | |
MR | 10.85 | 3.16 | 9.90 | 3.06 | 10.39 | 2.93 | 10.67 | 3.13 | 10.29 | 3.10 | 2.63* | |
PC | 10.52 | 3.52 | 10.03 | 3.12 | 9.86 | 3.47 | 10.28 | 3.28 | 9.77 | 3.43 | .84 | |
PM | 11.09 | 3.14 | 10.02 | 2.82 | 10.07 | 2.77 | 10.02 | 2.68 | 10.37 | 2.66 | 3.59** | c, e < d |
ZL | 10.80 | 2.83 | 10.51 | 2.61 | 10.26 | 2.92 | 11.17 | 2.11 | 10.28 | 2.81 | 2.92* | c, e < d |
BS | 10.67 | 3.27 | 10.49 | 3.09 | 10.53 | 3.08 | 9.83 | 3.36 | 10.21 | 2.67 | 1.62 | |
CA | 10.64 | 2.81 | 10.57 | 2.74 | 10.56 | 2.84 | 8.70 | 3.80 | 10.38 | 2.89 | 11.93*** | d < a, b, c, e |
AC | 10.34 | 3.10 | 10.14 | 3.16 | 10.43 | 3.47 | 9.59 | 2.98 | 9.77 | 2.84 | 1.79 | |
RV | 11.49 | 2.88 | 10.69 | 2.58 | 10.62 | 3.01 | 10.65 | 2.92 | 10.59 | 2.69 | 1.60 | e < a |
PN | 11.42 | 2.84 | 10.29 | 2.71 | 9.80 | 2.70 | 10.74 | 2.40 | 11.15 | 2.70 | 9.69*** | e < b, c < a |
VCI | 105.88 | 14.77 | 102.05 | 14.10 | 100.70 | 14.16 | 103.92 | 14.59 | 101.29 | 15.89 | 2.41* | c < a |
VSI | 105.11 | 15.98 | 102.86 | 14.28 | 102.00 | 15.05 | 105.30 | 14.37 | 101.31 | 13.90 | 1.85 | |
WMI | 106.76 | 14.09 | 102.45 | 13.03 | 101.89 | 13.95 | 104.54 | 11.93 | 102.86 | 12.94 | 1.67 | c, b < a |
FRI | 105.30 | 16.46 | 101.10 | 14.29 | 102.02 | 15.52 | 104.07 | 15.84 | 101.53 | 15.21 | 3.12* | |
PSI | 104.23 | 13.87 | 103.49 | 13.73 | 103.52 | 14.29 | 96.32 | 17.90 | 102.10 | 12.88 | 7.68*** | d < a, b, c, e |
FSIQ | 105.97 | 14.45 | 100.66 | 13.91 | 100.87 | 13.49 | 102.69 | 14.14 | 100.68 | 13.15 | 3.05* | b, c, e < a |
VAI | 109.58 | 14.62 | 103.74 | 13.08 | 102.11 | 14.24 | 105.04 | 13.18 | 106.05 | 13.98 | 5.61*** | b, c, d < a |
NVI | 105.11 | 15.23 | 100.12 | 14.27 | 100.78 | 14.41 | 101.71 | 15.46 | 100.08 | 13.25 | 2.26 | b, e < a |
GAI | 105.90 | 15.01 | 100.82 | 14.38 | 100.92 | 13.99 | 104.50 | 14.45 | 100.62 | 14.64 | 3.58** | b, c, e < a |
CPI | 104.77 | 15.35 | 101.64 | 14.38 | 101.33 | 14.97 | 98.05 | 14.45 | 100.94 | 12.89 | 2.99* | d < a |
Subtest/Index |
Less than 13 years (n = 242) |
More than 12 years (n = 358) |
F | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
RV | 8.95 | 2.96 | 10.00 | 3.00 | 9.60** |
IN | 9.99 | 3.15 | 10.72 | 2.76 | 8.04** |
PN | 9.60 | 3.52 | 10.62 | 3.04 | 13.39*** |
BD | 10.06 | 3.05 | 10.72 | 2.85 | 5.00* |
OA | 9.60 | 3.40 | 9.91 | 3.26 | .00 |
PM | 9.72 | 3.80 | 10.26 | 3.56 | 1.84 |
ZL | 10.37 | 2.94 | 10.69 | 2.92 | 3.66 |
VCI | 98.69 | 14.23 | 103.99 | 14.52 | 13.44*** |
VSI | 98.17 | 14.58 | 101.06 | 14.64 | 1.91 |
WMI | 101.24 | 17.22 | 103.87 | 16.35 | 3.63 |
FSIQ | 98.59 | 15.43 | 103.25 | 14.75 | 7.64** |
VAI | 96.57 | 15.48 | 102.72 | 15.10 | 17.33*** |
NVI | 100.02 | 15.42 | 103.13 | 14.67 | 3.85 |
GAI | 98.23 | 14.71 | 103.02 | 14.51 | 8.48** |
Subtest/Index |
Less than 13 years (n = 462) |
More than 12 years (n = 638) |
F | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
IN | 9.86 | 2.82 | 11.09 | 2.82 | 30.26*** |
SI | 9.56 | 2.96 | 10.42 | 2.79 | 15.93*** |
VC | 9.59 | 3.10 | 10.19 | 3.20 | 7.39** |
CO | 9.81 | 2.96 | 10.32 | 2.83 | 2.26 |
BD | 9.97 | 3.07 | 11.09 | 3.28 | 22.88*** |
OA | 10.35 | 2.89 | 10.94 | 2.73 | 6.88** |
MR | 10.10 | 2.97 | 10.45 | 3.13 | 3.27 |
PC | 9.41 | 3.46 | 10.53 | 3.16 | 24.07*** |
PM | 9.94 | 2.86 | 10.45 | 2.81 | 2.44 |
ZL | 10.29 | 2.73 | 10.71 | 2.69 | 1.52 |
BS | 10.02 | 3.03 | 10.70 | 3.13 | 6.00* |
CA | 10.28 | 3.05 | 10.38 | 2.95 | .03 |
AC | 9.87 | 3.23 | 10.33 | 3.14 | 2.72 |
RV | 10.28 | 2.83 | 11.14 | 2.74 | 15.65*** |
PN | 10.03 | 2.71 | 10.82 | 2.73 | 12.94*** |
VCI | 98.82 | 14.59 | 105.01 | 14.01 | 30.94*** |
VSI | 100.15 | 14.30 | 105.20 | 14.73 | 21.11*** |
WMI | 101.60 | 13.55 | 104.45 | 13.16 | 17.90*** |
FRI | 99.86 | 15.30 | 104.20 | 15.04 | 3.23 |
PSI | 101.32 | 14.59 | 103.56 | 14.38 | 2.62 |
FSIQ | 98.30 | 14.02 | 104.28 | 13.32 | 30.31*** |
VAI | 101.76 | 13.86 | 106.71 | 13.63 | 20.72*** |
NVI | 98.06 | 14.51 | 103.54 | 14.16 | 24.75*** |
GAI | 98.44 | 14.49 | 104.62 | 14.01 | 33.64*** |
CPI | 99.68 | 14.68 | 102.88 | 14.42 | 4.15* |
Subtest/Index |
Boys (n = 550) |
Girls (n = 550) |
F | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
IN | 10.68 | 3.03 | 10.47 | 2.72 | .49 |
SI | 9.90 | 2.96 | 10.22 | 2.82 | 6.32* |
VC | 10.08 | 3.28 | 9.80 | 3.05 | .05 |
CO | 10.03 | 2.86 | 10.19 | 2.93 | 2.53 |
BD | 10.82 | 3.40 | 10.43 | 3.07 | 3.12 |
OA | 10.71 | 2.87 | 10.67 | 2.76 | .12 |
MR | 10.30 | 3.17 | 10.32 | 2.96 | .04 |
PC | 10.05 | 3.37 | 10.07 | 3.29 | .14 |
PM | 10.05 | 2.89 | 10.42 | 2.79 | 7.04** |
ZL | 10.52 | 2.78 | 10.56 | 2.64 | .34 |
BS | 10.03 | 3.09 | 10.81 | 3.08 | 14.21*** |
CA | 10.14 | 2.99 | 10.54 | 2.97 | 4.03* |
AC | 9.71 | 3.05 | 10.57 | 3.26 | 15.66*** |
RV | 10.56 | 2.92 | 11.00 | 2.68 | 5.04* |
PN | 10.34 | 2.73 | 10.64 | 2.76 | 3.33 |
VCI | 102.27 | 15.23 | 102.55 | 13.90 | 1.16 |
VSI | 103.73 | 15.61 | 102.42 | 13.85 | 1.91 |
WMI | 102.63 | 13.51 | 103.87 | 13.26 | .11 |
FRI | 102.32 | 15.69 | 102.43 | 14.90 | 4.37* |
PSI | 100.97 | 14.37 | 104.27 | 14.47 | 12.05*** |
FSIQ | 101.22 | 14.56 | 102.31 | 13.25 | 3.16* |
VAI | 103.50 | 14.16 | 105.76 | 13.63 | 6.06* |
NVI | 100.65 | 15.13 | 101.82 | 13.95 | 2.42 |
GAI | 102.25 | 15.09 | 101.79 | 13.95 | .00 |
CPI | 100.04 | 14.83 | 103.04 | 14.24 | 12.17** |